Edmond J. Safra Foundation Center for Ethics

• Faculty Associate, 1986-

Derek Bok is the 300th Anniversary University Professor, University President Emeritus, and Faculty Chair of the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations. He has been a lawyer and Professor of Law, Dean of the Law School, and President of Harvard University. On July 1, 2006, he became Interim President of Harvard pending the choice of a new permanent president.

He has written six books on higher education: Beyond the Ivory Tower, Higher Learning, Universities and the Future of America, The Shape of the River, Universities in the Marketplace, and Our Underachieving Colleges. He serves as Chair of the Board of the Spencer Foundation and was formerly Chair of Common Cause. His current research interests include the state of higher education and a project sponsored by several foundations on the adequacy of the U.S. government in coping with the nations domestic problems. His two books on this subject are The State of the Nation and The Trouble with Government.

Professor Bok has a long-standing interest in the teaching of ethics. The impetus for the Center for Ethics and the Professions comes from his efforts to develop an awareness of ethical issues in teaching and research. His article "Can Ethics Be Taught?" in the October 1976 issue of Change is a seminal statement on the subject.

• Faculty Associate, 1999-

Allan Brandt was appointed Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in January 2008. He is also the Amalie Moses Kass Professor of the History of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and holds a joint appointment in the Department of the History of Science. His work focuses on social and ethical aspects of health, disease, and medical practices in the twentieth century United States. Brandt is the author of No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States since 1880 (Oxford Press, 1987) and The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall and Deadly Persistence of the Product that Defined America (Basic Books, 2007). He has written on the social history of epidemic disease, the history of public health and health policy, and the history of human subject research, among other topics. In 1997 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.

Professor Brandt became a Faculty Associate of the Ethics Center in 1999.

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• Faculty Fellow, 1991-1992
• Faculty Associate, 2004-

Prior to his arrival at Harvard, Professor Brock was Senior Scientist and a member of the Department of Clinical Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health. Until July 2002, he was Charles C. Tillinghast, Jr. University Professor, Professor of Philosophy and Biomedical Ethics, and Director of the Center for Biomedical Ethics at Brown University where he had a joint appointment in the Philosophy Department (of which he was Chair in 1980-86) and in the Medical School. He served as Staff Philosopher on the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine in 1981-82, and in 1993 was a member of the Ethics Working Group of the Clinton Task Force on National Health Reform. He has been a consultant in biomedical ethics and health policy to numerous national and international bodies, including the Office of Technology Assessment of the U.S. Congress, the Institute of Medicine, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, and the World Health Organization. He is a Fellow and former member of the Board of Directors of the Hastings Center, and was a Fellow in the Ethics and Professions Program and in the Division of Medical Ethics at Harvard University in 1991-92. He was President of the American Association of Bioethics in 1995-96, and was a founding Board Member of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. He is an elected member of the Institute of Medicine.

He is the author of over 150 articles in bioethics and in moral and political philosophy, which have appeared in books and refereed scholarly journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Science, Hastings Center Report, Philosophy and Public Affairs, and Ethics. He is the author of Deciding For Others: The Ethics of Surrogate Decision Making (with Allen E. Buchanan), Life and Death: Philosophical Essays in Biomedical Ethics, and From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice (with Allen Buchanan, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler), all published by Cambridge University Press. He is currently an editorial board member of 14 professional journals in ethics, bioethics and health policy, and has lectured widely at national and international conferences, professional societies, universities, and health care institutions.

Professor Brock was a Faculty Fellow in Ethics in 1991-1992, and became a Faculty Associate of the Ethics Center in 2004.

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• Faculty Fellow, 1992-1993
• Faculty Associate, 2002-

Prior to his arrival at Harvard, Professor Daniels was Goldthwaite Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Tufts University and Professor of Medical Ethics at Tufts Medical School. His research encompasses issues of distributive justice and health policy, philosophy of science, ethics, political and social philosophy, and medical ethics. Publications include Justice and Justification: Reflective Equilibrium in Theory and Practice and Seeking Fair Treatment: From the AIDS Epidemic to National Health Care Reform. His most recent works include Setting Limits Fairly: Can We Learn to Share Medical Resources? and Just Health: Meeting Health Needs Fairly. He served on the Ethics Working Group of the Clinton White House Health Care Task Force.

Professor Daniels was a Faculty Fellow in Ethics in 1992-1993, and became a Faculty Associate of the Center in 2002.

• Faculty Associate, 1986-2009

Dr. Leon Eisenberg received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania (1946) and took his internship at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. He served for two years as Captain in the Army Medical Corps and then completed a residency in psychiatry at the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital (1952) and a Fellowship in Child Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins Hospital under Professor Leo Kanner (1954). He became Chief of Child Psychiatry at Hopkins in 1961 and moved to Harvard in 1967 as Chief of Psychiatry at the Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1980, he became Chair of the Department of Social Medicine and Health Policy. In July of 1993, Dr. Leon Eisenberg reached Emeritus status at Harvard Medical School but continues to work full time. He has served as consultant to the Division of Mental Health at the World Health Organization in Geneva in multiple capacities since 1964 and to the Pan American Health Organization since 1988.

He identified rapid return to school as the key to treatment in the management of the separation anxiety underlying school phobia. He completed the first outcome study of autistic children in adolescence and recognized patterns of language use as the best predictor of prognosis. He introduced randomized controlled trials in psychopharmacology and showed that "tranquilizing" drugs were inferior to placebo in the treatment of anxiety disorders, whereas stimulant drugs were effective in controlling hyperactivity. He completed the first RCTs of psychiatric consultation to social agencies and of the utility of brief psychotherapy in anxiety disorders. He published a forceful critique of Lorenz's instinct theory; he established the usefulness of distinguishing "disease" from "illness"; he has highlighted the environmental context as a determinant of the phenotype emerging from a given genotype.

He is the recipient of honorary Doctor of Science degrees from the University of Manchester in the UK (1973) and the University of Massachusetts in the U.S. (1991). He has received the Aldrich (1980) and Dale Richmond (1989) Awards from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Psychiatric Association Agnes Purcell McGavin Award for Prevention (1994), the distinguished Alumnus Award of the University of Pennsylvania (1992), the Thomas W. Salmon Medal of the New York Academy of Medicine (1995), the Blanche F. Ittleson Memorial Award of the American Orthopsychiatric Association (1996), and the Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat prize for outstanding contributions to mental health from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences (1996). In 2003, he received the Award for Distinguished Contribution to Public Policy from the Society for Research in Child Development, a Distinguished Service Award from the American Psychiatric Association, the Walsh McDermott Medal from the Institute of Medicine, and the Ruane Prize for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research from the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression. He received a Human Rights Award from the American Psychiatric Association in 2005. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Greek Society of Neurology and Psychiatry, of the Ecuadorian Academy of Neuroscience, and of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (UK). He is proudest of the Diversity Lifetime Achievement Award he received in 2001 for his role in inaugurating affirmative action at HMS in 1968 and sustaining it as Chairman of the Admissions Committee from 1969 to 1974. He regards that as his most important contribution to Harvard Medical School.

The World Psychiatric Association award Dr. Eisenberg its Juan Jose Lopez Ibor Award in Prague, Czech Republic, in 2008. In 2009, the Leon Eisenberg Chair of Child Psychiatry was established at Children's Hospital Boston.

He has published widely: more than 250 articles in refereed journals, 144 chapters in books, and 11 edited books. Among the books he edited or co-edited are World Mental Health: Problems and Priorities in Low-Income Countries (Oxford University Press, 1995); The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families (National Academy Press, 1995); The Implications of Genetics for Health Professional Education (Macy Foundation, 1999); and Bridging Disciplines in the Brain, Behavioral and Clinical Sciences (National Academy Press, 2000).

Dr. Eisenberg was a charter Senior Fellow of the Ethics Center, one of a group of distinguished Harvard faculty members supporting the idea, in 1986, of an ethics initiative at the University.

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• Senior Scholar, 2000-2001
• Faculty Associate, 2001-

Professor Elgin, who holds a PhD from Brandeis University, is a philosopher whose areas of study include the theory of knowledge, philosophy of art, and philosophy of science. Her recent work considers the question of what makes something cognitively valuable. She has argued that the pursuit of understanding, rather than the pursuit of knowledge, should be the focus of epistemology's concerns; and she explores how similar problems arise in diverse branches of philosophy such as aesthetics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of science. Professor Elgin's writings include Considered Judgment; Between the Absolute and the Arbitrary; Reconceptions (with Nelson Goodman); and With Reference to Reference. She is the editor of The Philosophy of Nelson Goodman, and co-editor (with Jonathan Adler) of Philosophical Inquiry.

Professor Elgin was a Senior Scholar in Ethics in 2000-2001, and became a Faculty Associate of the Ethics Center at the end of that year.

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• Faculty Associate, 2006-

Einer Elhauge is the Petrie Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, and directs the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology and Bioethics. He teaches a gamut of courses that include Antitrust, Contracts, Corporations, Health Care Law, and Statutory Interpretation. Before coming to Harvard, he was a Professor of Law at the University of California at Berkeley, and clerked for Judge Norris of the 9th Circuit and Justice Brennan on the Supreme Court. He received both his AB and his JD from Harvard, graduating first in his law school class.

Professor Elhauge is an author of numerous pieces on a range of topics even broader than those he teaches, including antitrust monopolization and tying doctrine, antitrust petitioning and state action immunity, statutory interpretation, legislative term limits, the 2000 Presidential election, the implications of interest group theory for judicial review, sacrificing corporate profits in the public interest, corporate sale of control doctrine, whether lawyers improve the legal system, medical technology assessment, and how to devise a morally just and cost effective medical system. His most recent publications include Statutory Default Rules: How to Interpret Unclear Legislation (Harvard University Press 2008); Global Antitrust Law and Economics (Foundation Press 2007), and Global Competition Law and Economics (Hart Publishing 2007).

• Faculty Fellow, 1995-1996
• Faculty Associate, 1996-

Richard H. Fallon, Jr., joined the Harvard Law School faculty as an assistant professor in 1982, was promoted to full professor in 1987, and is currently the Ralph S. Tyler, Jr. Professor of Constitutional Law. Fallon is a graduate of Yale University (History, 1975) and Yale Law School (1980). He also earned a BA degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from Oxford University (1977), which he attended as a Rhodes Scholar. Before entering teaching, Fallon served as a law clerk to Judge J. Skelly Wright and to Justice Lewis F. Powell of the United States Supreme Court. Fallon has written extensively about Constitutional Law and Federal Courts Law. He is the author of The Dynamic Constitution (Cambridge University Press, 2004) and Implementing the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2001) and a co-editor of Constitutional Law: Cases-Comments-Questions (10th edition 2006) and Hart & Wechsler's The Federal Courts and the Federal System (5th ed. 2003). Fallon is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Law Institute. He is a two-time winner of Harvard Law School's Sacks-Freund Award (2001 and 2006), which is voted annually by the School's graduating class to honor excellence in teaching.

Professor Fallon was a Senior Scholar in Ethics in 1995-1996, and became a Faculty Associate of the Ethics Center at the end of that year.

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• Faculty Fellow, 1988-1989
• Faculty Associate, 1989-

Dr. Forrow is Executive Committee Member of Harvard Medical School's Division of Service Learning. He received his M.D. from Harvard and completed his residency training in primary care internal medicine at Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University. He has served as Chairman of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, which received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. He currently serves as President of The Albert Schweitzer Fellowship, which supports over 100 U.S. health professional students annually. The Schweitzer Fellows address unmet health needs of underserved communities in keeping with Dr. Schweitzer's ethic of Reverence for Life and his insistence that "my life is my argument."

Dr. Forrow's published work has appeared in The Journal of the American Medical Association; The Annals of Internal Medicine; The Journal of Medical Ethics; and The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. He is a 1999-2000 Faculty Scholar of the Soros Foundation's Project on Death in America, developing programs dedicated to supporting Reverence for Life at the End of Life. His past work has focused on the design of curricula for teaching medical ethics, with particular emphasis on responsibilities to disadvantaged populations.

Dr. Forrow was a Faculty Fellow in Ethics in 1988-89, and became a Faculty Associate of the Ethics Center at the end of that year.

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• Faculty Associate, 1990-

Educated at Princeton, Oxford and Columbia Law School, Charles Fried, the Beneficial Professor of Law, has been teaching at Harvard Law School since 1961, where he was the Carter Professor of General Jurisprudence. He was Solicitor General of the United States from 1985-89, and an Associate Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts from1995-99. He returned to Harvard with his present title in 1999.

Professor Fried's scholarly and teaching interests have been moved by the connection between normative theory and the concrete institutions of public and private law. During his Harvard career he has taught Criminal Law, Commercial Law, Roman Law, Torts, Contracts, Labor Law, Constitutional Law and Federal Courts, Appellate and Supreme Court Advocacy. The author of many books and articles, his Anatomy of Values (1970), Right and Wrong (1978), and Modern Liberty (2006) develop themes in moral and political philosophy with applications to law. Contract as Promise (1980), Making Tort Law (2003, with David Rosenberg) and Saying What the Law Is: The Constitution in the Supreme Court (2004) are fundamental inquiries into broad legal institutions. Order & Law: Arguing the Reagan Revolution (1991) discusses major themes developed in Professor Fried's time as Solicitor General. In recent years, he has taught Constitutional Law and Contracts, and as a teacher has argued a number of major cases in state and federal courts, most notably Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, in which the Supreme Court established the standards for the use of expert and scientific evidence in federal courts. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Law Institute.

Professor Fried has been a Faculty Associate of the Ethics Center since 1990.

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